Since the announcement of UniswapV4, this swapping platform has undergone a significant transformation, evolving from a simple swapping platform into an infrastructure service provider. Especially noteworthy is the Hooks feature in V4, which has garnered widespread attention. After conducting in-depth research over a period of time, I have compiled some content to help everyone better understand this transformation and its implementation.

TornadoCash is the most renowned anonymous transaction service in the world of cryptocurrency. TornadoCash utilizes Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) technology to conceal the source of funds. The mechanism behind TornadoCash was criticized by the United States government for facilitating illegal financial activities, leading to its enforced delisting by the U.S. Treasury Department in August 2022. Privacy protection and money laundering activities often seem closely intertwined in many cases. While pursuing privacy, malicious actors often exploit these privacy features for illicit money laundering. Is it possible to find a method that allows people to maintain their privacy while effectively curbing money laundering activities? A possible direction has been suggested by Privacy-Pools, developed by ameen.eth, one of the early developers of TornadoCash. (Regarding the delisting, only the frontend website and GitHub repository were affected, while the contract portion remains unaffected on the blockchain. Eventually, the GitHub repository was restored under the efforts of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. For more details, please refer to this source.)

TornadoCash is a well-known project for anonymous transactions. When a hacking incident occurs, hackers often transfer their funds to TornadoCash to ensure that their money can be moved without being traced. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in the frequency and scale of hacking attacks, which has caught the attention of regulatory authorities in the United States. As a result, a series of regulatory measures have been implemented, such as website shutdowns, arrests of developers, and removal of the source code from GitHub.

As the Ethereum Shanghai upgrade draws near, there's been a growing interest in the LSD (Liquid Staking Derivatives) sector. EigenLayer, which recently released a white paper, has been the center of attention. 『 Restaking 』 is the core concept of EigenLayer. When I first learned about EigenLayer, Restaking was the biggest issue I had trouble understanding. However, after conducting research, I've gained some preliminary understanding. In this article, I hope to help readers who share the same doubts as me to understand better the origin of Restaking and the problems it aims to solve.

Curve Finance is a highly representative innovation in the DeFi field, whether it's in the AMM algorithm for Stablecoin Swap or the veToken economic model design, which is widely imitated by others. At the end of last year, Curve Finance proposed their stablecoin white paper, which made people curious about what new features they would offer to the DeFi ecosystem this time. During the research process, there were some insights and understanding that I hope can help everyone better understand the design of Curve stablecoins.

在呼叫 Zerion swap token 的時候會去呼叫 Zerion Router 的execute() external function。

最近剛好看到有人介紹 ERC721 相關的變形。其中 ERC721Psi 又是其中針對 降低 gas cost 最有效率的一個，於是興起了研究的想法。這邊跟大家介紹一下 ERC721Psi 主要改進了什麼和用什麼方式改進

Yearn announced Yearn Allowlist on May 6, 2022, in order to improve product security. As a result, I conducted some research to see how Allowlists might improve product security.