Yehuruw fii Nihilism so

TL;DR.* Yɛakyekye Pessimism, open source monitoring system a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛbɛma Base (ne OP Stack ne Ethereum ecosystems a ɛtrɛw no) ahobammɔ ayɛ kɛse denam protocol ahunahuna ahorow a enni ano a yebehu ntɛmntɛm na yɛayɛ ho biribi no so.*

Nnianimu

Berɛ a yɛreyɛ adwuma de ahyɛ Base ase no, yɛpaw sɛ yɛbɛbɔ nkitahodiɛ a ɛbue na enni kwan a ɛbɛma adebɔ nnwuma ahodoɔ nyinaa aba nkwa mu. Bere koro no ara mu no, esiane saa su a ɛbue yi nti, yɛpɛe sɛ yɛhwɛ sɛ yɛwɔ tumi a eye sen biara a yɛde hwɛ nneɛma so wɔ fie hɔ a yɛde behu ntɛmntɛm na yɛayɛ ho biribi wɔ live protocol ahunahuna ho.

Hyɛn Pessimism mu— nhyehyɛe a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma so a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛbɛboa ma wɔaboa ahobammɔ a ɛwɔ OP Stack ne EVM-compatible chains nyinaa mu. Coinbase kuw no ayɛ Pessimism mmirikatu wɔ wɔn mu de ahwɛ na wɔahwɛ Base mainnet so 24/7 fi bere a wɔde sii hɔ no. Mprempren, wɔ honhom a ɛne sɛ yɛbɛboa ɔmanfo nneɛma mu no, yɛrebue Pessimism wɔ MIT tumi krataa ase sɛ softwea a wontua hwee na enni ho kwan.

Dɛn ne monitoring na dɛn nti na ɛho hia?

Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no fa nsɛm a wɔboaboa ano, wɔhwehwɛ mu, na wɔkyerɛ ase de hwɛ sɛ biribiara reyɛ adwuma sɛnea wɔhwɛ kwan no. Eyi ho hia ma bere-a ɛfa asɛm a esii ho mmuae ne blockchain ahobammɔ nyinaa, efisɛ yebetumi ayɛ ade atia ahunahuna bi bere a yɛahu no nkutoo.

Monitoring ho hia wɔ Base so esiane nneɛma a edidi so yi nti:

1. Adwumayɛ Nhwehwɛmu: Yebetumi ahwɛ sɛnea network no yɛ adwuma denam mmuae bere, throughput (sɛnea wɔyɛ nnwuma ntɛmntɛm), ne mfomso dodow a yɛbɛhwɛ so. Esiane eyi nti, sɛ biribi betumi ayɛ adwuma yiye a, yebetumi ayɛ ho biribi. Nhwɛsoɔ a ɛfa adwumayɛ ho nsɛm a wɔayɛ mu nhwehwɛmu no bi ne block production rate, mpɛn dodoɔ a wɔde state update kɔ L1, ne nkrasɛm a ɛfa L2 ne L1 ntam.

2. Ahobammɔ: Yebetumi ahu ahobammɔ ho ahunahuna ne mmerɛwyɛ ahorow na yɛabrɛ ase, na yɛahu mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ wɔbɛkɔ hɔ a wɔmma ho kwan, nneyɛe a ɛyɛ soronko, ne mmara so bu a ebetumi aba.

Sɛnea Pessimism hu ahunahuna

Pessimism betumi ahu protocol ahunahuna pɔtee a ɛfa OP Stack (Withdrawal Enforcement, Fault Detection) ne EVM blockchain nsɛm a esisi nyinaa (Balance Enforcement, Event Emission). Wei ma yɛhunu nsɛm a wɔamma ho kwan anaa ɛyɛ bɔne wɔ Base native bridge no so ne L1/L2 system contracts a ɛwɔ Base no so. Bio nso, yebetumi akyere liveness huammɔdi ahorow ama sensitive protocol dwumadie te sɛ proposer no.

Mprempren, Pessimism boa nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ma nsɛm a edidi so yi a wɔde di dwuma:

• (OP Stack) Ensuring user withdrawal safety: Nnwuma a ɛho hia pii si wɔ bridges so, ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wɔhwɛ nsɛm a ɛsisi wɔ twe a wɔtwe wɔn ho fi ho no. Pessimism’s withdrawal- enforcement heuristic na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia OP Stack bridge a wɔagye atom wɔ L1 so no wɔ initiation event a ɛne no hyia wɔ L2 chain no so anaa. Eyi ho hia na ama wɔahwɛ ahu sɛ native bridge a wɔtwe sika nyinaa nya anammɔn abien a ɛfata ma L2→L1 a wɔtwe fi mu. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobetumi de obi adi dwuma ɔkwammɔne so.

• (OP Stack) Mfomsoɔ a ɛbɛtumi aba a wɔbɛhunu: Mfomsoɔ- detector heuristic no hwɛ sɛ proposer de output roots a ɛfiri L2→L1 (hashed transactions a ɛkyerɛ dwumadie firi L2 kɔsi L1) nyinaa yɛ adwuma. Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ eyi a, Pessimism san yɛ output root ankasa wɔ mpɔtam hɔ de cross validate no ma ɛne nea wɔde akɔma L2Output Oracle apam no yɛ pɛ. Eyi ho hia kɛse ma L2Proposer ne output roots a wɔde amena no mudi mu kura. Sɛ wobetumi ayɛ forged output root da bi a, ɔtowhyɛfo betumi ayi sika nyinaa afi L1 portal apam no mu. * .

• (EVM) Enforcing balance boundaries for accounts: balance- enforcement heuristic no hwɛ hu sɛ address bi native ETH sika no kɔ fam bere nyinaa boro anaasɛ ɛba fam wɔ user defined thresholds bi so. Eyi ho hia ma nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwɛ protocol akontaabu a ɛwɔ hokwan (e.g. proposer, batcher) wɔ OP Stack nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn so ma ɛnyɛ nea ebetumi aba sɛ ɛnyɛ sika a wɔde yɛ adwuma no adi nkogu. * .

• (EVM) Detecting smart contract events: Apam-nsɛm a esisi heuristic no hwɛ smart contract nsɛm a wɔayi afi adi. Ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wonya apam address a nyansa wom ne event signatures ahorow bi na ama atumi ayɛ adwuma. Eyi ho hia ma kyere nsakrae a ebetumi aba wɔ kwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ no so (e.g. threshold update for a gnosis safe multisig) ne superuser dwumadie a ɛyɛ bɔne (e.g. OP Stack Guardian a ɛgyina native bridge no so mpofirim).

Wobetumi ahu nsɛm a ɛyɛ foforo sen biara a ɛfa heuristics a Pessimism boa ho wɔ project’s documentation.

Pessimism yɛ nhyehyɛe nketewa atitiriw abiɛsa a ɛhwɛ, susuw ho, na ɛbɔ kɔkɔ:

• ETL: ETL (extract, transform, load) subsystem no na ɛhwɛ na ɛsakra bere ankasa blockchain data (e.g. blocks, events, account balances) kɔ application-consumable formats mu.

• Asiane Engine: Asiane engine no ne baabi a wɔde nsiyɛ hwehwɛ heuristics mu ma kɔkɔbɔ ahorow denam data a efi ETL no so.

• Kɔkɔbɔ: Kɔkɔbɔ subsystem no na ɛtrɛw kɔkɔbɔ mu kɔ downstream dependency systems (i.e. Slack, Pagerduty).

Pessimism nso wɔ REST API a ɛbɛma kwan ma wɔabɔ, wɔapopa, na wɔasesa monitoring heuristics. Mprempren de, heuristic adebɔ abisade nkutoo na wɔboa. Yɛhwɛ kwan sɛ yɛbɛma mmoa a wɔde bɛpopa na wɔayɛ nsakrae no bɛba daakye a enni akyiri.

Sɛ wohu dwumadi anaa adeyɛ bi a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ ahobammɔ ho asiane a, Pessimism bɔ kuw no kɔkɔ sɛ wonni asiane biara a ebetumi aba no ho dwuma ntɛm ara.

Mmɔdemmɔ

Mprempren, yɛn metrics rebɔ amanneɛ sɛ Pessimism yɛ ETL dwumadie wɔ nea ennu 100 ms mu, a sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu a, invariant execution gye nnu 15 ms, ma end-to-end dwumadie wɔ 200 ms mu.

OP Stack no afã akɛseɛ no mu baako ne ne modularized design; modularity yɛ nhyehyɛe bi a wɔahyehyɛ no ayɛ no module ahorow a ɛsono emu biara a ɛwɔ ne ho a wobetumi ayɛ na wɔde adi dwuma wɔ ahofadi mu bere a wɔne wɔn ho wɔn ho di nkitaho. Esiane saa modularity yi nti, yɛatumi asɔ heuristic implementation biara ahwɛ awiei-kɔ-awie denam op-e2e sɔhwɛ nhyehyɛe no so. Wei ma yɛnya ahotosoɔ wɔ heuristic biara mu, ɛfiri sɛ wɔsan yɛ huammɔdi nsɛm na wɔkyere denam localized instance a ɛwɔ OP Stack chain mu. Bio nso, yɛayɛ nsiyɛ kɛseɛ wɔ unit testing software no mu.

Sɛ yɛkɔ yɛn anim a, yɛayɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ yɛne data providers a wɔto so abiɛsa bɛyɛ coverage audits de ahwɛ sɛ yɛn heuristics no rekyere nsɛm a esisi nyinaa yiye.

Kɔkɔbɔ Akwankyerɛ

Pessimism boa kɔkɔbɔ kwan, a ɛma akuw tumi kyerɛkyerɛ wiase nyinaa kɔkɔbɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛkyerɛ mmeae a kɔkɔbɔ kɔ sɛnea emu yɛ den te. Mprempren yɛboa Slack ne PagerDuty sɛ mmeae a wɔbɔ kɔkɔ, a yɛayɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ yɛde nkabom foforo bɛka ho sɛnea ɛho hia. Wobetumi ahu wiase nyinaa kɔkɔbɔ ho nhyehyɛe ho nsɛm pii wɔ ha.

Dɛn na edi hɔ ma Pessimism?

Bridge Coverage a Ɛkɔ Akyiri

Native bridge no yɛ mfiridwuma a ɛho hia wɔ OP Stack no mu a ɛma wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no tumi de sika fi L2 kɔ Ethereum. Esiane sɛɛha na TVL a ɛkorɔn sen biara no te nti, ɛho hia koraa sɛ yɛhwɛ hu sɛ yɛrehwɛ huammɔdi nsɛm ne ahunahuna tebea horow a ebetumi aka ne dwumadi a ahobammɔ wom nyinaa so. Yɛbɛhyira asram a edi hɔ no so de nneɛma a wɔde ma no sohwɛ ne saa ara nso na nneɛma akɛse a wɔde hu sɛ wɔayi afi mu no adi dwuma wɔ Pessimism mu.

Ahunahuna a Ɛrepue

OP Stack no bɛkɔ so ayɛ nkɔsoɔ (e.g. nsisi ho adanseɛ, kyɛfa a wɔkyɛ nnidiso nnidiso), na yɛbɛkɔ so de nneɛma foforɔ ne heuristics aba Pessimism mu de ahwɛ sɛ yɛbɛkata protocol ahunahuna asase a ɛrekɔ so no so yie.

Wo na Wo Si Gyinae

Pessimism yɛ mfiridwuma a mpɔtam hɔfoɔ di so, na yɛma wɔn a wɔde di dwuma nyinaa akwaaba sɛ wɔmfa GitHub nsɛmnsɛm so nkɔfa feature abisadeɛ wɔ akoraeɛ no mu. Bio nso, sɛ wopɛ sɛ wofi ase yɛ adwuma wɔ Pessimism ho a, yɛwɔ nsɛm a edi kan pa pii a ebetumi de wo mmoa ne w’adwene adi dwuma!