Reviewed by: Guo Xiaoqiang, a popular science writer in the field of life sciences

Physical health

It is closely related to eating habits

Colon cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, oral cancer

These sounds frightening cancer

It may have come out of a stammer

So how do we start with diet

Keep us healthy?

Intestinal cancer from eating

Gao Zhidong, chief physician, Department of gastrointestinal surgery, people’s Hospital of Peking University:

The occurrence of colorectal cancer is closely related to unhealthy eating habits. Eating more fried and processed red meat, less coarse grain vegetables and too little exercise will slow down the speed of gastrointestinal peristalsis. High-fat food will also increase the secretion of bile acids in the intestine, stimulate and damage the intestinal mucosa, and over time, it will increase the risk of colorectal cancer.

Recommendations:

Appropriately increase the intake of coarse grains, including purple rice, brown rice, red beans, oats, etc;

Increase the intake of fruits and vegetables. This kind of food is rich in dietary fiber, which can speed up the intestinal peristalsis and accelerate the discharge of intestinal waste;

Reduce the intake of processed red meat, such food may produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amine and other harmful substances in the process of making or processing. Eating more can increase the incidence rate of colorectal cancer, and recommend that it should not exceed 1 times a week ~2 times.

Liver cancer from eating

Zhao Guodong, deputy chief physician, Department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic medicine, first medical center, General Hospital of the Chinese people’s Liberation Army:

Aflatoxin is a metabolite of Aspergillus flavus. Its breeding temperature is 28 ℃ - 38 ℃. It likes humidity. Generally, it is invisible to the naked eye and can lead to liver cancer.

1mg aflatoxin can lead to cancer. 20mg aflatoxin can directly cause adult death by one-time intake. Its toxicity is 10 times that of potassium cyanide and 68 times that of arsenic. It can only be killed at a high temperature above 280 ℃. It is the strongest biological carcinogen we know. It likes to hide in moldy chopsticks, expired or deteriorated edible oil, bitter nuts, deteriorated rice, steamed bread and other staple foods.

Preventing aflatoxin and mildew is a key measure, so both food and daily necessities should be kept dry and low temperature as far as possible.

How to prevent moldy chopsticks:

● chopsticks should be thoroughly cleaned;

● often take out chopsticks and expose them to the sun;

● frequently use disinfection cupboards and chopsticks;

● wooden chopsticks should be replaced after half a year.

Stomach cancer

Chai Ningli, chief physician, Department of Gastroenterology, first medical center, General Hospital of the Chinese people’s Liberation Army:

When eating, many people like to eat some pickled vegetables, meat and fish, such as pickled vegetables, pickled vegetables, bacon, salted fish and so on. They think they taste more delicious and appetizer. However, the content of nitrite in pickled foods is relatively high. Nitrite accumulates in the body for a long time, which has the effects of carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and gene mutation. It is one of the “culprits” leading to gastric cancer. Barbecue food, which is deeply loved by everyone, also contains high nitrite.

Recommendations:

Try to eat less barbecue and pickled food, eat more fresh food, such as vegetables and fruits, and eat less overnight and moldy food.

Esophageal cancer after eating

“Here comes the dish. Eat it while it’s hot!” This is a sentence often heard at the dinner table. Although food tastes better when it is hot, there will be health risks if you often eat particularly hot food.

For example, hot drinks or foods at or above 65 ℃ will increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Because overheated and scalded food in the esophagus will cause physical damage to the esophageal mucosa. When the mucosa is damaged, gastric acid reflux will also stimulate the damaged part. This repeated damage is easy to lead to cell carcinogenesis and increase the risk of esophageal cancer.

Recommendations:

The suitable temperature range we accept for food is between 10 ℃ and 40 ℃, and the high temperature range we can tolerate is between 50 ℃ and 60 ℃. We should pay attention to it.

Oral cancer after eating

Liuhongwei, chief physician, Department of oral mucosa, Peking University stomatological hospital:

Many patients with oral cancer have a common hobby, that is, chewing betel nut for a long time. The harmful substances in betel nut not only have carcinogenicity, but also because the texture of betel nut itself is hard, long-term consumption can also lead to the damage of oral mucosa, resulting in the occurrence of oral precancerous lesions.

Recommendations:

To ensure the health of the oral cavity, we must first ensure the cleanness of the oral cavity, brush more teeth and gargle more. In addition, eat more foods rich in vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C, which is conducive to the health of oral mucosa, such as tomato, eggplant, carrot, white radish, cabbage, spinach, etc.