■ idle reading
Two hundred years of bicycle design
◎ written by Tony hadland / Beijing United Publishing Company
·Yang Xiaozhou
Because of the diversity of interests, reading miscellaneous books has become my favorite. Therefore, I have written a lot of miscellaneous thoughts. If the so-called forbidden book reading on a snowy night is modified to miscellaneous book reading on a snowy night, it may be a scene of my life, and many interesting artistic conception come from it. Reading is easy to be pedantic. A scholar in white is not as lovely as he thinks. Some interests may cure this custom. About 200 years of bicycle design, CO authored by Tony hardland of England and Hans ehard of Germany, through Nick Clayton of England and Gary of the United States, will be included in this list W. Sanderson took a lot of trouble to sort it out. Since we talk about design, we mostly focus on industrial technology and invention, not the development history of bicycles. The interest of reading lies in the mechanical structure and mechanical modeling, which may be more naturally loved by male readers. If we look back with social progress, some meaningful things will return to life, even if the camera and bicycle, manufacturing technology and sense of the times a hundred years ago replace practical value. We have to be considered as a big country of bicycles. People living in cities used to take bicycles as a necessity for home, travel or carry goods. In a special era, they helped and improved the quality of life. Therefore, bicycles have carried the joys and sorrows of many families in China. The era has entered the era of sharing bicycles, but many bicycle lovers still retain the fun of owning bicycles and pay much attention to the design of bicycles, This 530000 word book on bicycle design is a bit of a bicycle classic, which can broaden the world’s unique ideas of bicycle design.
Bicycles are also known as bicycles, thread carts, bicycles and two wheeled bicycles in China. For a long time, our understanding of bicycle brands remained in the British three gun brand. Later, bicycles were made in China, including permanent, Phoenix and flying pigeon. Together with watches and sewing machines, they became the material necessities for young people to marry and form a family. It can be seen that bicycles have many emotions for Chinese people. In my early years, I used to go to and from work with the help of a Phoenix Bicycle, accompanied by wind and rain for more than ten years. Across the whole 1980s, seeing bicycles on the road will still cause exclamation. Seeing people who love bicycles on the road riding their own different bicycles will also give rise to association and buy a bicycle with unique design that they like. For example, the Shiwen phantom bicycle produced in the 1950s, or the BSA paratrooper folding bicycle, is occasionally used as an entertainment ride as a companion. However, playing with old-fashioned bicycles has its own world. When taking photos of Beijing Hutong a few years ago, I met an old man wiping an old-fashioned bicycle produced abroad in front of my house. The design shape of the bicycle is very special, with the aesthetic and design concept of that era. Although it seems to be a simple framework today, it can also make exquisite lines. It looks like an inexplicable favor, just like meeting an old-fashioned car in the old era, The vivid charm of the old school gentleman can not be imitated, but has the arrogance of being independent.
When it comes to bicycle design, there are many small inventions that affect the operation and use functions of later cars. For example, wheel support, frame suspension, rear wheel drive, braking system, direction rotating shaft, rotating pedal, shock absorber spring and so on. Bicycles are developed from unicycles, but unicycles need to be driven by human power, and then can ride on two wheels. Both manned and loaded vehicles can be driven by human power, and then progress to three-wheel and four-wheel power drive. In addition, the speed enhancement brought by human power drive of bicycles stimulates the desire to fly. The early flight test was to add flying wings to bicycles and try to promote flight by human speed, although it was unsuccessful, But it provides thinking and research experience for human flight assumption. The above-mentioned unicycle, the book said, “the unicycle is a military invention of Zhuge Liang in the 3rd century, which is called ‘wooden cow’. In early China, the unicycle had a large wheel in the center, which can carry soldiers’ food supply for a whole year, and” special walkers travel tens of miles and groups travel thirty miles “every day.” This is the story of Zhuge Liang’s “wooden ox and flowing horse” in the romance of the Three Kingdoms. Of course, this legend is not accurate, but we can see that the author has a broad perspective in his research, “The design of Chinese wheelbarrow is that wheels are installed under the center of gravity of the car body, so the person carrying the wheelbarrow does not need to carry weight. Later, this design was gradually introduced into Britain and improved. In 1765, a report on Chinese wheelbarrow appeared in the magazine of the country and business Museum in London.” From this, we can know that there are many scientific and technological inventions in China, which have remained in the primary stage of invention, few improvements, changes and progress, and have stagnated for a long time. The emergence of unicycles was earlier than the Three Kingdoms and lasted for more than 2000 years. By the 1980s, I could still see unicycles in use in the countryside of Hunan. However, the introduction of unicycles into Britain in the 18th century can trigger enlightenment. By 1867, there were about 150 bicycle manufacturers in France, while commercial bicycle production was available in Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Denmark and Italy, and bicycle production was used as a universal means of transportation in the United States and Japan. It can be seen that the combination of scientific and technological inventions and commercial interests is an important factor in the progress of human society. Therefore, it can be said that commercial development has laid the foundation of human civilization.
As for the British BSA three gun bicycle, there are many comments in the book. It is well-known in China. The three gun was originally a British military factory producing weapons. Therefore, the three gun logo is three long guns with bayonets. Although the Phoenix brand bicycle made in China can be traced back to Tongchang bicycle store opened in 1897, it seems that it is only selling bicycles, and the self-made bicycle was made in 1959, The model is designed according to the original reference of British Lanling bicycle, and the Phoenix logo also has the design prototype of Lanling “phoenix head”, which is very popular among the public. At that time, bicycles produced in China were also divided into men and women. The difference between heaven and earth was aimed at different sizes, the appearance was mostly fixed, and the overall exterior paint was black. But there are exceptions. In my early years, my neighbor faxiao in my small courtyard had a phoenix lady bicycle. Once the beam handle was changed to the butterfly shape, the two hose brake lines staggered with the butterfly beam, just like flying butterfly wings. The car was equipped with an air cylinder and a wheel motorcycle power generation lamp, which has the aesthetic feeling of industrial design and family practicality. However, there are few such beautiful bicycles. This is also due to the “two hundred years of bicycle design”, which once gave me a self-confidence