The punk movement and punk subculture originated from the late 1970s punk rock movement. Anarchy in the UK was released in 1976 as the debut single of the Sex Pistols, opening the door for the British punk movement. This force represented the dissatisfaction and protest of working class youth against the socio-economic realities of recession and high unemployment at the time. The punk movement became known for its anti-authoritarian, anti-establishment, anti-consumerism and anti-capitalism stances, advocating for personal freedom, a do-it-yourself (DIY) ethic, and direct action, as they held a skeptical view of traditional social norms and conventions. However, before the internet emerged, many punks lived in poverty, and due to the lack of economic resources and technical means, they could only express their pursuit of freedom and individual rights through passion and devotion to music, art and creative works.