Alchemy的the Road to Web3第十周文本教程- 使用 Lens 协议创建去中心化 Twitter
Coinman.eth
0xF820
August 18th, 2022

大家好，我是帝哥（推特：@CoinmanLabs），不知不觉我们已经来到了课程的最后一周了，今天帝哥带大家一起来看看最后一周的任务。

最近有很多关于 Facebook 和 Twitter 等社交媒体巨头拥有多少控制权的讨论。

今年，Aave 团队的人们启动了一个名为Lens Protocol的项目。这是最近进入 web3 生态系统最令人兴奋的技术之一，因为它使用区块链技术将数据的权力和控制权交还给生成数据的用户。所以我想，为什么我们不一起探索呢？这将是一个合适的最后一课结合你到目前为止所学的一切🙂。

在本课中，将学习：

  • 如何使用 Apollo GraphQL 客户端设置 Next.js 应用程序
  • 如何使用 Lens 协议 API 获取存储在 Polygon 区块链上的个人资料、帖子和其他数据
  • MintKudos API 简介——以便您可以将您的 PoK 代币集成到您的 dapp 中！
  • Lit 协议简介——如果您想加密某些帖子以仅显示给各个社区成员
  • 如何使用 Repl.it 部署你的去中心化社交媒体应用程序前端网站
  • 扩展此项目的多个挑战选项！

话不多说了，我们开始今天的课程吧。

1.设置依赖安装Apollo

我们今天的课程需要在VScode中去执行，首先我们需要建立一个项目,PS:如果想快速完成的直接去clone帝哥的仓库吧。

# 创建一个road-to-lens 这是注释 不要输入命令行
npx create-next-app road-to-lens
# 安装graphql
npm install @apollo/client graphql
# 运行项目验证
npm run dev

当你出现这样的结果，恭喜你已经成功完成第一步了。

2.在 index.js 页面上使用 Lens 推荐的配置文件尝试 Apollo GraphQL

2.1新建apollo-client.js

我们在当前项目新建一个apollo-client.js输入下面的内容：

// ./apollo-client.js

import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache } from "@apollo/client";

const client = new ApolloClient({
    uri: "https://api.lens.dev",
    cache: new InMemoryCache(),
});

export default client;

修改我们的/pages/_app.js：

// pages/_app.js

import '../styles/globals.css'
import { ApolloProvider } from "@apollo/client";
import client from "../apollo-client";

function MyApp({ Component, pageProps }) {
  return (
    <ApolloProvider client={client}>
      <Component {...pageProps} />
    </ApolloProvider>
  );
}

export default MyApp

修改/pages/index.js

import { useQuery } from "@apollo/client";
import recommendedProfilesQuery from '../queries/recommendedProfilesQuery.js';
import Profile from '../components/Profile.js';

export default function Home() {
  const {loading, error, data} = useQuery(recommendedProfilesQuery);


  if (loading) return 'Loading..';
  if (error) return `Error! ${error.message}`;

  return (
    <div>
      {data.recommendedProfiles.map((profile, index) => {
        console.log(`Profile ${index}:`, profile);
        return <Profile key={profile.id} profile={profile} displayFullProfile={false} />;
      })}
    </div>
  )
}

新建查询js

mkdir queries
touch queries/recommendedProfilesQuery.js

将下面的代码写入recommendedProfilesQuery.js

// queries/recommendedProfilesQuery.js

import {gql} from '@apollo/client';

export default gql`
  query RecommendedProfiles {
    recommendedProfiles {
          id
        name
        bio
        attributes {
          displayType
          traitType
          key
          value
        }
          followNftAddress
        metadata
        isDefault
        picture {
          ... on NftImage {
            contractAddress
            tokenId
            uri
            verified
          }
          ... on MediaSet {
            original {
              url
              mimeType
            }
          }
          __typename
        }
        handle
        coverPicture {
          ... on NftImage {
            contractAddress
            tokenId
            uri
            verified
          }
          ... on MediaSet {
            original {
              url
              mimeType
            }
          }
          __typename
        }
        ownedBy
        dispatcher {
          address
          canUseRelay
        }
        stats {
          totalFollowers
          totalFollowing
          totalPosts
          totalComments
          totalMirrors
          totalPublications
          totalCollects
        }
        followModule {
          ... on FeeFollowModuleSettings {
            type
            amount {
              asset {
                symbol
                name
                decimals
                address
              }
              value
            }
            recipient
          }
          ... on ProfileFollowModuleSettings {
          type
          }
          ... on RevertFollowModuleSettings {
          type
          }
        }
    }
  }
`;

新建组件js

mkdir components
touch components/Profile.js

将下面代码写入Profile.js

// components/Profile.js

import Link from "next/link";
export default function Profile(props) {
  const profile = props.profile;

  // When displayFullProfile is true, we show more info.
  const displayFullProfile = props.displayFullProfile;

  return (
    <div className="p-8">
      <Link href={`/profile/${profile.id}`}>
        <div className="max-w-md mx-auto bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden md:max-w-2xl">
          <div className="md:flex">
            <div className="md:shrink-0">
              {profile.picture ? (
                <img
                  src={
                    profile.picture.original
                      ? profile.picture.original.url
                      : profile.picture.uri
                  }
                  className="h-48 w-full object-cover md:h-full md:w-48"
                />
              ) : (
                <div
                  style={{
                    backgrondColor: "gray",
                  }}
                  className="h-48 w-full object-cover md:h-full md:w-48"
                />
              )}
            </div>
            <div className="p-8">
              <div className="uppercase tracking-wide text-sm text-indigo-500 font-semibold">
                {profile.handle}
                {displayFullProfile &&
                  profile.name &&
                  " (" + profile.name + ")"}
              </div>
              <div className="block mt-1 text-sm leading-tight font-medium text-black hover:underline">
                {profile.bio}
              </div>
              <div className="mt-2 text-sm text-slate-900">{profile.ownedBy}</div>
              <p className="mt-2 text-xs text-slate-500">
                following: {profile.stats.totalFollowing} followers:{" "}
                {profile.stats.totalFollowers}
              </p>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </Link>
    </div>
  );
}

我们将项目运行起来出现下面的结果说明你已经离成功不远了，但是现在页面的样式太丑了，让我们来优化下。

2.2优化页面样式

# 安装 Tailwind
npm install -D tailwindcss postcss autoprefixer
# 当你执行完下面这个命令，系统会给你生成一个tailwind.config.js
npx tailwindcss init -p

在生成的tailwind.config.js中写入一下内容：

// tailwind.config.js

module.exports = {
  content: [
    "./pages/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx}",
    "./components/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx}",
  ],
  theme: {
    extend: {},
  },
  plugins: [],
}

同时将我们的globals.css文件末尾加入下面的内容：

/* ./styles/globals.css */
@tailwind base;
@tailwind components;
@tailwind utilities;

最终我们的结果展示如下：

3. 创建个人资料页面

首先我们创建个人资料文件夹：

mkdir pages/profile
road-to-lens % touch pages/profile/\[id\].js
touch queries/fetchProfileQuery.js

在fetchProfileQuery.js中写入下面的代码：

// queries/fetchProfileQuery.js

import { gql } from '@apollo/client';

export default gql`
query($request: SingleProfileQueryRequest!) {
    profile(request: $request) {
        id
        name
        bio
        attributes {
          displayType
          traitType
          key
          value
        }
        followNftAddress
        metadata
        isDefault
        picture {
          ... on NftImage {
            contractAddress
            tokenId
            uri
            verified
          }
          ... on MediaSet {
            original {
              url
              mimeType
            }
          }
          __typename
        }
        handle
        coverPicture {
          ... on NftImage {
            contractAddress
            tokenId
            uri
            verified
          }
          ... on MediaSet {
            original {
              url
              mimeType
            }
          }
          __typename
        }
        ownedBy
        dispatcher {
          address
          canUseRelay
        }
        stats {
          totalFollowers
          totalFollowing
          totalPosts
          totalComments
          totalMirrors
          totalPublications
          totalCollects
        }
        followModule {
          ... on FeeFollowModuleSettings {
            type
            amount {
              asset {
                symbol
                name
                decimals
                address
              }
              value
            }
            recipient
          }
          ... on ProfileFollowModuleSettings {
            type
          }
          ... on RevertFollowModuleSettings {
            type
          }
        }
    }
  }
`;

在id.js文件中写入下面的代码：

// pages/profile/[id].js

import { useQuery } from "@apollo/client";
import { useRouter } from "next/router";
import fetchProfileQuery from "../../queries/fetchProfileQuery.js";

import Profile from "../../components/Profile.js";

export default function ProfilePage() {
  const router = useRouter();
  const { id } = router.query;

  console.log("fetching profile for", id);
  const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(fetchProfileQuery, {
    variables: { request: { profileId: id } },
  });

  if (loading) return "Loading..";
  if (error) return `Error! ${error.message}`;

  console.log("on profile page data: ", data);

  return <Profile profile={data.profile} displayFullProfile={true}/>
}

当我们上面代码编写完毕后，可以输入下面的链接进行验证

如果到目前为止一切顺利的话，你已经完成了一半了。

4.在个人资料页面上加载用户帖子

将fetchProfileQuery.js覆盖为下面的：

import { gql } from "@apollo/client";

export default gql`
  query (
    $request: SingleProfileQueryRequest!
    $publicationsRequest: PublicationsQueryRequest!
  ) {
    publications( request: $publicationsRequest) {
      items {
        __typename
        ... on Post {
          ...PostFields
        }
        ... on Comment {
          ...CommentFields
        }
        ... on Mirror {
          ...MirrorFields
        }
      }
      pageInfo {
        prev
        next
        totalCount
      }
    }
    profile(request: $request) {
      id
      name
      bio
      attributes {
        displayType
        traitType
        key
        value
      }
      followNftAddress
      metadata
      isDefault
      picture {
        ... on NftImage {
          contractAddress
          tokenId
          uri
          verified
        }
        ... on MediaSet {
          original {
            url
            mimeType
          }
        }
        __typename
      }
      handle
      coverPicture {
        ... on NftImage {
          contractAddress
          tokenId
          uri
          verified
        }
        ... on MediaSet {
          original {
            url
            mimeType
          }
        }
        __typename
      }
      ownedBy
      dispatcher {
        address
        canUseRelay
      }
      stats {
        totalFollowers
        totalFollowing
        totalPosts
        totalComments
        totalMirrors
        totalPublications
        totalCollects
      }
      followModule {
        ... on FeeFollowModuleSettings {
          type
          amount {
            asset {
              symbol
              name
              decimals
              address
            }
            value
          }
          recipient
        }
        ... on ProfileFollowModuleSettings {
          type
        }
        ... on RevertFollowModuleSettings {
          type
        }
      }
    }
  }

  fragment MediaFields on Media {
    url
    mimeType
  }

  fragment ProfileFields on Profile {
    id
    name
    bio
    attributes {
      displayType
      traitType
      key
      value
    }
    isFollowedByMe
    isFollowing(who: null)
    followNftAddress
    metadata
    isDefault
    handle
    picture {
      ... on NftImage {
        contractAddress
        tokenId
        uri
        verified
      }
      ... on MediaSet {
        original {
          ...MediaFields
        }
      }
    }
    coverPicture {
      ... on NftImage {
        contractAddress
        tokenId
        uri
        verified
      }
      ... on MediaSet {
        original {
          ...MediaFields
        }
      }
    }
    ownedBy
    dispatcher {
      address
    }
    stats {
      totalFollowers
      totalFollowing
      totalPosts
      totalComments
      totalMirrors
      totalPublications
      totalCollects
    }
    followModule {
      ... on FeeFollowModuleSettings {
        type
        amount {
          asset {
            name
            symbol
            decimals
            address
          }
          value
        }
        recipient
      }
      ... on ProfileFollowModuleSettings {
        type
      }
      ... on RevertFollowModuleSettings {
        type
      }
    }
  }

  fragment PublicationStatsFields on PublicationStats {
    totalAmountOfMirrors
    totalAmountOfCollects
    totalAmountOfComments
  }

  fragment MetadataOutputFields on MetadataOutput {
    name
    description
    content
    media {
      original {
        ...MediaFields
      }
    }
    attributes {
      displayType
      traitType
      value
    }
  }

  fragment Erc20Fields on Erc20 {
    name
    symbol
    decimals
    address
  }

  fragment CollectModuleFields on CollectModule {
    __typename
    ... on FreeCollectModuleSettings {
      type
      followerOnly
      contractAddress
    }
    ... on FeeCollectModuleSettings {
      type
      amount {
        asset {
          ...Erc20Fields
        }
        value
      }
      recipient
      referralFee
    }
    ... on LimitedFeeCollectModuleSettings {
      type
      collectLimit
      amount {
        asset {
          ...Erc20Fields
        }
        value
      }
      recipient
      referralFee
    }
    ... on LimitedTimedFeeCollectModuleSettings {
      type
      collectLimit
      amount {
        asset {
          ...Erc20Fields
        }
        value
      }
      recipient
      referralFee
      endTimestamp
    }
    ... on RevertCollectModuleSettings {
      type
    }
    ... on TimedFeeCollectModuleSettings {
      type
      amount {
        asset {
          ...Erc20Fields
        }
        value
      }
      recipient
      referralFee
      endTimestamp
    }
  }

  fragment PostFields on Post {
    id
    profile {
      ...ProfileFields
    }
    stats {
      ...PublicationStatsFields
    }
    metadata {
      ...MetadataOutputFields
    }
    createdAt
    collectModule {
      ...CollectModuleFields
    }
    referenceModule {
      ... on FollowOnlyReferenceModuleSettings {
        type
      }
    }
    appId
    hidden
    mirrors(by: null)
    hasCollectedByMe
  }

  fragment MirrorBaseFields on Mirror {
    id
    profile {
      ...ProfileFields
    }
    stats {
      ...PublicationStatsFields
    }
    metadata {
      ...MetadataOutputFields
    }
    createdAt
    collectModule {
      ...CollectModuleFields
    }
    referenceModule {
      ... on FollowOnlyReferenceModuleSettings {
        type
      }
    }
    appId
    hidden
    hasCollectedByMe
  }

  fragment MirrorFields on Mirror {
    ...MirrorBaseFields
    mirrorOf {
      ... on Post {
        ...PostFields
      }
      ... on Comment {
        ...CommentFields
      }
    }
  }

  fragment CommentBaseFields on Comment {
    id
    profile {
      ...ProfileFields
    }
    stats {
      ...PublicationStatsFields
    }
    metadata {
      ...MetadataOutputFields
    }
    createdAt
    collectModule {
      ...CollectModuleFields
    }
    referenceModule {
      ... on FollowOnlyReferenceModuleSettings {
        type
      }
    }
    appId
    hidden
    mirrors(by: null)
    hasCollectedByMe
  }

  fragment CommentFields on Comment {
    ...CommentBaseFields
    mainPost {
      ... on Post {
        ...PostFields
      }
      ... on Mirror {
        ...MirrorBaseFields
        mirrorOf {
          ... on Post {
            ...PostFields
          }
          ... on Comment {
            ...CommentMirrorOfFields
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  fragment CommentMirrorOfFields on Comment {
    ...CommentBaseFields
    mainPost {
      ... on Post {
        ...PostFields
      }
      ... on Mirror {
        ...MirrorBaseFields
      }
    }
  }
`;

在components/Post.js 新建一个Post.js并且写入一下代码：

// components/Post.js
export default function Post(props) {
  const post = props.post;

  return (
    <div className="p-8">
      <div className="max-w-md mx-auto bg-white rounded-xl shadow-md overflow-hidden md:max-w-2xl">
        <div className="md:flex">
          <div className="p-8">
            <p className="mt-2 text-xs text-slate-500 whitespace-pre-line">
              {post.metadata.content}
            </p>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

将[id].js覆盖为下面的：

import { useQuery, useMutation } from "@apollo/client";
import { useRouter } from "next/router";
import fetchProfileQuery from "../../queries/fetchProfileQuery.js";
import Profile from "../../components/Profile.js";
import Post from "../../components/Post.js";

export default function ProfilePage() {
  const router = useRouter();
  const { id } = router.query;

  console.log("fetching profile for", id);
  const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(fetchProfileQuery, {
    variables: {
      request: { profileId: id },
      publicationsRequest: {
        profileId: id,
        publicationTypes: ["POST"],
      },
    },
  });

  if (loading) return "Loading..";
  if (error) return `Error! ${error.message}`;

  return (
    <div className="flex flex-col p-8 items-center">
      <Profile profile={data.profile} displayFullProfile={true} />
      {data.publications.items.map((post, idx) => {
        return <Post key={idx} post={post}/>;
      })}
    </div>
  );
}

验证结果 http://localhost:3000/profile/0x28a2，当你出现了下面的页面，恭喜，你正在成为一个去中心化的社交媒体开发者。

最后我们别忘了去填写表格哦。

我是懂币帝，用技术带你领略区块链魅力，第一时间获取行业最新资讯：

推特：@CoinmanLabs

微信：CoinmanLabs（社群客服微信进群）

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