Ethereum ecosystem experienced a massive growth by population even in bear market of rollup L2s because these solutions aim to process transactions and execute smart contracts off-chain or in a more efficient manner, alleviating the network congestion and high gas fees often associated with the main Ethereum network (Layer 1).
So, as this trend we can assume Ethereum Mainnet as a security layer just for sending proofs of computation layers( in this case they are rollups). This combination of security and scalability is crucial for the broader adoption and use cases of decentralized applications (dApps) and blockchain technology.There are three main sector that are highly potential to get mass adoption in crypto world:
Rollup L2 stacks:
Op Stack introduced on Oct 2022 that is a collection of software components managed by the Optimism Collective, serving as the backbone of Optimism. It powers Optimism Mainnet and the future Optimism Superchain. The primary focus is on creating a shared, open-source system for new Layer 2 within the Superchain ecosystem. Today, Optimism Bedrock is the current iteration, simplifying the deployment of Optimistic Rollup blockchains. As Optimism evolves, the OP Stack will adapt to support the needs of the ecosystem, potentially extending to include various layers like governance systems. Base and zora are using op stack on mainnet organicly boosted optimism activity recently.
After adoption of Op stack another crucial L2 that applying zk-rollup , Zksync introduced ZK stack that is a modular and open-source framework, developed under permissive licenses. It enables the creation of custom Zero-Knowledge (ZK) powered Layer 2 and Layer 3 chains called Hyperchains. It offers full sovereignty and customization options, seamless connectivity, and a hyperscalable unified liquidity network. The ZK Stack is future-proof, providing unique superpowers and benefits, including magical user experience, transaction compression, and ultra-low costs. It is intended for projects that require tailored customization or asynchronous connectivity with the broader ecosystem. The ZK Stack aims to harness the full potential of ZK technology, making it a safe bet for security and reliability. So stacks make easier to run a L2 based on projects needs and satify community by reducing fees for users and increase income of Dapps.
Layer 3 rollups:
Arbitrum, a leading Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum, introduces Arbitrum Orbit, empowering Layer 3 networks. The release extends Arbitrum's influence and offers a powerful resource for developers. Layer 3 networks further enhance scalability and cost reduction by offloading complex operations to a third chain. Arbitrum's proactive approach provides resources and tools to facilitate the transition to Layer 3. As competition spurs innovation, Arbitrum solidifies its position as the go-to scaling solution. With Arbitrum Orbit, developers gain a resource to accelerate the growth and adoption of Layer 3 networks while enjoying enhanced scalability and reduced costs. The release showcases Arbitrum's unwavering commitment to progress and reinforces its role as an industry leader in the evolving blockchain landscape.
Service as a rollup(Raas):
Services as a rollups gather lots of attention because they makes deploying appchains much easier reducing code lines and development costs can boost layer 2 usage and market share. Rollup as a Service (RaaS) opportunities, where rollup technology offers a more secure scaling solution for blockchains. Many rollup projects like Arbitrum, Optimism, ZkSync, and StarkNet have been implemented, with strong demand in the market. Challenges in RaaS include engineering, performance, economics, and functionality. Decentralization, security, and high availability are crucial considerations. Native rollups are proposed, where the blockchain rewards both Layer 1 validators and Layer 2 rollup operators with the same native token. A native cross-rollup bridge is also suggested for a seamless multi-rollup architecture. The future is expected to embrace a multi-rollup approach in Web3.
Besides, if we consider venture fund raisings as signal of smart money entrance, it will show to importance of these solutions. Raas projects like Altlayer, Caldera, conduit and dymension raised more than 40 million in seed rounds and early stages of fund raising by best VCs.