Negative Liberty considers the twentieth century development of techniques of mass prediction and modification, aka behavior engineering. Constituent images mark a series of canonical shifts over the course of this history. These include, among others, the development of mass surveillant architectures, the first recognition of the power of variable ratio reward schedules to sustain human behavior, the birth of social network analysis, the application of rational-bureaucratic management techniques to track and typologize human populations, the proliferation of mechanisms by which to target and monitor communication efficacy, the advent of computer-based mass simulation techniques, their first application to democratic elections, and the synthesis of all of the foregoing into continuous, multi-channel, and individualized surveillance + messaging processes.