# Onboarding TDD Solidity Typescript Hardhat Nextjs - Environment - 2022 07 15 name: "Maximiliano Usich", email: "[maximilianou@gmail.com](mailto:maximilianou@gmail.com)", role: \["Husband", "Dad", "Software Developer", "Mentor", "Full Stack nodejs Javascript Typescript"\], ------ ##### weekly59: 20220715 * \[DONE\]: *Onboarding* TDD Solidity Typescript Hardhat Nextjs * *\[TODO\]: TDD Access Control * * *\[TODO\]: TDD Event * * ------ ## *Onboarding* TDD Solidity Typescript Hardhat Nextjs - Environment ------ ## *Web 3 - First things First - Environment is one of the keys to do any staff* *In this case I use environment that can help me do the site that will use the contracts in next steps* ------ ### step 1 - environment * Environment Tools Version * Solidity 0.8.9 * Nextjs 12.2.2 * Hardhat 2.10.1 ### step 1.1 * Create **Nextjs** App Typescript * Starting point * Just the tools, * Default as we can, * Fresh Power of Teams Frameworks ;) * ( do Not clone boilerplate ) * ``` npx creat-next-app blog4 --typescript ``` ------ ## *Web 3 - In this Next step I have some code that I will be transforming in next weeks **I hope** to have the Full Stack Sample* ----- * Layout from weekly57 ( reference: **w3schools** ) * hand written React, css, html * Simple menu hardcoded from * Simple paralax from ``` cd blog4 mkdir components cp ../../weekly57/blog3/components/* components/ cp ../../weekly57/blog3/styles/* styles/ cp ../../weekly57/blog3/public/* public/ ``` ----- * Nodejs version 18 * @latest * Always start with the @latest * Or testing or beta, but not LTS ( is my personal opinion, break and fix or inform ;) ``` nvm install 18 nvm use 18 node --version v18.3.0 ``` ------ ## *Web 3, Solidity - In this step add HardHat the simplest way to local development in web 3 and Solidity* ----- ### step 1.2 * Creating **Hardhat** environment * By **hardhat team** * ``` npm install -D hardhat rm README.md tsconfig.json ``` * tsconfig.json * take care **module: esnext** ``` { "compilerOptions": { "target": "es2020", "lib": ["dom", "dom.iterable", "esnext"], "allowJs": true, "skipLibCheck": true, "strict": true, "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true, "noEmit": true, "esModuleInterop": true, "module": "esnext", "moduleResolution": "node", "resolveJsonModule": true, "isolatedModules": true, "jsx": "preserve", "incremental": true }, "include": ["next-env.d.ts", "**/*.ts", "**/*.tsx"], "exclude": ["node_modules"] } ``` * \[error\] try to hardhat compile at once ... :o * But I mix create-next-app and hardhat creation * Step by step, baby steps ``` npx hardhat compile Error HH13: Your Hardhat project uses typescript, but ts-node is not installed. Please run: npm install --save-dev ts-node ``` * \[ok\] fix install ts-node ;) ``` npm install -D ts-node ``` * \[error\] try to hardhat compile ... :o * I am missing something, lets read the error and docs ``` npx hardhat compile An unexpected error occurred: /home/debian/projects/weekly59/blog4/hardhat.config.ts:1 import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox"; ^^^^^^ ``` * \[ok\] install hardhat-toolbox dependencies ;) * Just reading the docs , **Thank you Hardhat Team!!** ``` npm install -D @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox ``` * \[error\] * HO, I have to read the error :() ``` npx hardhat compile An unexpected error occurred: /home/debian/projects/weekly59/blog4/hardhat.config.ts:1 import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox"; ^^^^^^ SyntaxError: Cannot use import statement outside a module ``` * \[ok\] * Again! Thanks **Nextjs Team** and **Hardhat Team** * **module: CommonJS** ``` { "compilerOptions": { "target": "es2020", "lib": ["dom", "dom.iterable", "esnext"], "allowJs": true, "skipLibCheck": true, "strict": true, "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true, "noEmit": true, "esModuleInterop": true, "module": "CommonJS", "moduleResolution": "node", "resolveJsonModule": true, "isolatedModules": true, "jsx": "preserve", "incremental": true }, "include": ["next-env.d.ts", "**/*.ts", "**/*.tsx"], "exclude": ["node_modules"] } ``` * \[ok\] now hardhat compile ;) ``` npx hardhat compile Generating typings for: 2 artifacts in dir: typechain-types for target: ethers-v5 Successfully generated 6 typings! Compiled 2 Solidity files successfully ``` ------ ## *web 3, Solidity - Compile Environment Complete, lets continue with TDD* ----- * \[ok\] run hardhat test * Just before touching any solidity code * Hardhat team exelent work ;) * With Complete Sample :() ``` npx hardhat test Lock Deployment ✔ Should set the right unlockTime (1637ms) ✔ Should set the right owner ✔ Should receive and store the funds to lock ✔ Should fail if the unlockTime is not in the future (92ms) Withdrawals Validations Unlock time is '1689365381' and block timestamp is '1657829383' ✔ Should revert with the right error if called too soon (81ms) Unlock time is '1689365381' and block timestamp is '1689365382' ✔ Should revert with the right error if called from another account (99ms) Unlock time is '1689365381' and block timestamp is '1689365382' ✔ Shouldn't fail if the unlockTime has arrived and the owner calls it (95ms) Events Unlock time is '1689365381' and block timestamp is '1689365382' ✔ Should emit an event on withdrawals (81ms) Transfers Unlock time is '1689365381' and block timestamp is '1689365382' ✔ Should transfer the funds to the owner (73ms) 9 passing (2s) ``` * References: * * * ------ ## *web 3, Solidity, TDD - Test Environment Complete, lets write down TDD with Typescript Nextjs Solidity* ------ ### step 2 - Start Solidity by TDD Typescript Hardhat ------ * contracts/SafeMath.sol 0.8 strict math overflow * Reference: starting point ```tsx // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.9; import "hardhat/console.sol"; contract SafeMath { function testUnderflow() public pure returns (uint) { uint x = 0; x--; // check safe underflow ;) return x; } function testUncheckedUndeflow() public pure returns (int){ int x = 0; unchecked { // out of safe check underflow :o x--; } return x; } } ``` * test/SafeMath.ts solidity 0.8 overflow test PANIC ARITHMETIC OVERFLOW * I need to write code * Step by step ```tsx import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers"; import { PANIC_CODES } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers/panic"; import { expect } from "chai"; import { ethers } from "hardhat"; describe(`SafeMath`, () => { async function deployFixture() { // Contracts are deployed using the first signer/account by default const [owner, otherAccount] = await ethers.getSigners(); const SafeMath = await ethers.getContractFactory("SafeMath"); const safeMath = await SafeMath.deploy(); return { safeMath, owner, otherAccount }; } describe(`Deployment Safe Math`, () => { it(`Should check Underflow OK`, async () => { const { safeMath } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // await expect(safeMath.testUnderflow()).to.be .revertedWithPanic( PANIC_CODES.ARITHMETIC_UNDER_OR_OVERFLOW ) ; }); it(`Should NOT check or uncheck Underflow calculus error prone.`, async () => { const { safeMath } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); await expect(safeMath.testUncheckedUndeflow()).to.be.not.null; }); }); }); ``` * \[ok\] test result ``` npx hardhat test SafeMath Deployment Safe Math ✔ Should check Underflow OK (101ms) ✔ Should NOT check or uncheck Underflow mmmm calculus error prone. ``` ------ ## *web 3, Solidity, TDD catch Custom Error with Typescript Nextjs from Solidity* ------ ### step 2.2 * **Custom Error Solidity** and test with Hardhat * This is interesting 0.8 * **Naming Error Code** * can **Share code many contracts** * * ------ * contracts/VendingMachine.sol ```tsx // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.9; error VENDING_MACHINE__UNAUTORIZED(); // custom error // contract VendingMachine { address payable owner = payable(msg.sender); function withdraw() public { if(msg.sender == owner) // == instead of != only for testing purposes revert VENDING_MACHINE__UNAUTORIZED(); owner.transfer( address(this).balance ); } } ``` * tests/VendingMachine.ts ```tsx import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers"; import { expect } from "chai"; import { ethers } from "hardhat"; describe(`VendingMachine`, () => { async function deployFixture() { // Contracts are deployed using the first signer/account by default const [owner, otherAccount] = await ethers.getSigners(); const VendingMachine = await ethers.getContractFactory("VendingMachine"); const vendingMachine = await VendingMachine.deploy(); return { vendingMachine, owner, otherAccount }; } describe(`Deployment VendingMachine`, () => { it(`Should Custom Error OK`, async () => { const { vendingMachine, otherAccount } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); await expect(vendingMachine.withdraw()).to.be .revertedWithCustomError( vendingMachine,"VENDING_MACHINE__UNAUTORIZED" ) ; // }); }); }); ``` * \[ok\] * Custom Error Code ( Naming Error Code ) :() * TDD Catch rejection ;) ``` VendingMachine Deployment VendingMachine ✔ Should Custom Error OK (132ms) ``` ------ ## *web 3, Solidity, TDD **passing parameter values** - call functions with parameter values from Typescript Nextjs run Solidity and **Catch Error** when this parameter values make them* ------ ### step 2.3 #### **TDD \[ok, rejected\] function** SafeMath solidity 0.8 default ------ * contracts/FunctionIntro.sol ```ts // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity 0.8.9; // import "hardhat/console.sol"; // function log( uint msg ){ // So we can have a function outside of Contract Instance, like.. tolling purpose reusable piece of soft ;) // console.log( msg ); // } contract FunctionIntro { function add(uint x, uint y) external pure returns (uint) { return x + y; } function sub(uint x, uint y) external pure returns (uint) { return x - y; } } ``` * test/FunctionIntro.ts ```ts import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers"; import { PANIC_CODES } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers/panic"; import { expect } from "chai"; import { ethers } from "hardhat"; describe(`FunctionIntro`, () => { async function deployFixture() { // Contracts are deployed using the first signer/account by default const [owner, otherAccount] = await ethers.getSigners(); const FunctionIntro = await ethers.getContractFactory("FunctionIntro"); const functionIntro = await FunctionIntro.deploy(); return { functionIntro, owner, otherAccount }; } describe(`Deployment FunctionIntro`, () => { it(`Should add a + b = c`, async () => { const { functionIntro } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); console.log( await functionIntro.add( 3, 7)); expect( await functionIntro.add( 3, 7) ).to.be.equal(10); // look where the await is ;) }); it(`Should sub Reject Arithmetic a - b = d`, async () => { const { functionIntro } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); await expect( functionIntro.sub( 3, 7) ).to.be .revertedWithPanic( PANIC_CODES.ARITHMETIC_UNDER_OR_OVERFLOW ); // look where the await is ;) }); it(`Should sub a - b = d [ok]`, async () => { const { functionIntro } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); expect( await functionIntro.sub( 7, 5) ).to.be.equal(2); // look where the await is ;) }); }); }); ``` * \[ok\] Verify tdd functions * change state * rejection status ``` FunctionIntro Deployment FunctionIntro BigNumber { value: "10" } ✔ Should add a + b = c (167ms) ✔ Should sub Reject Arithmetic a - b = d (38ms) ✔ Should sub a - b = d [ok] ``` ------ ## *web 3, Solidity, **Instance State Variables**, **Instance of a Contract** TDD change state variables - call functions that change instance state values from Typescript Nextjs run Solidity and catch Error when this parameter values make them* ------ ### STEP 3 - Solidity Contract looking for storage memory instance Typescript TDD Hardhat ------ * contracts/Counter.sol ```ts // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity 0.8.9; contract Counter { uint public count; function inc() external { count += 1; } function dec() external { count -= 1; } } ``` * test/Counter.ts ```ts import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers"; import { PANIC_CODES } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers/panic"; import { expect } from "chai"; import { ethers } from "hardhat"; describe(`Counter`, () => { async function deployFixture() { // Contracts are deployed using the first signer/account by default const [owner, otherAccount] = await ethers.getSigners(); const Counter = await ethers.getContractFactory("Counter"); const counter = await Counter.deploy(); return { counter, owner, otherAccount }; } describe(`Deployment Counter`, () => { it(`Should increment storage data in contract Counter`, async () => { const { counter } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 1 of the contract counter expect( await counter.count() ).to.be.equal(0); expect( await counter.inc() ).to.be.not.reverted; // look where the await is ;) expect( await counter.count() ).to.be.equal(1); }); it(`Should decrement storage data in counter to 0 [ok]`, async () => { const { counter } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 2 of the contract counter expect( await counter.count() ).to.be.equal(0); expect( await counter.inc() ).to.be.not.reverted; // look where the await is ;) expect( await counter.count() ).to.be.equal(1); expect( await counter.dec() ).to.be.not.reverted; // look where the await is ;) expect( await counter.count() ).to.be.equal(0); }); it(`Should decrement Reject Arithmetic Underflow `, async () => { const { counter } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 3 of the contract counter await expect( counter.dec() ).to.be .revertedWithPanic( PANIC_CODES.ARITHMETIC_UNDER_OR_OVERFLOW ); // look where the await is ;) }); }); }); ``` * \[ok\] Result * Instance variable in blockchain contract * Change state variable in blockchain * Catch rejection of SafeMath Underflow ```ts npx hardhat test Counter Deployment Counter ✔ Should increment storage data in contract Counter (1424ms) ✔ Should decrement storage data in counter to 0 [ok] (95ms) ✔ Should decrement Reject Arithmetic Underflow (47ms) FunctionIntro Deployment FunctionIntro BigNumber { value: "10" } ✔ Should add a + b = c (167ms) ✔ Should sub Reject Arithmetic a - b = d (38ms) ✔ Should sub a - b = d [ok] Lock Deployment ✔ Should set the right unlockTime (166ms) ✔ Should set the right owner (48ms) ✔ Should receive and store the funds to lock ✔ Should fail if the unlockTime is not in the future (85ms) Withdrawals Validations Unlock time is '1689450825' and block timestamp is '1657914827' ✔ Should revert with the right error if called too soon (59ms) Unlock time is '1689450825' and block timestamp is '1689450826' ✔ Should revert with the right error if called from another account (75ms) Unlock time is '1689450825' and block timestamp is '1689450826' ✔ Shouldn't fail if the unlockTime has arrived and the owner calls it (80ms) Events Unlock time is '1689450825' and block timestamp is '1689450826' ✔ Should emit an event on withdrawals (57ms) Transfers Unlock time is '1689450825' and block timestamp is '1689450826' ✔ Should transfer the funds to the owner (70ms) SafeMath Deployment Safe Math ✔ Should check Underflow OK (140ms) ✔ Should NOT check or uncheck Underflow calculus error prone. VendingMachine Deployment VendingMachine ✔ Should Custom Error OK (132ms) 18 passing (3s) ``` ------ ------ ## *web 3, Solidity, **Modifiers** TDD add/extract/refactor restrictions/guards/validations - call functions that change instance state values from Typescript Nextjs run Solidity and catch Error when this conditions din't pass the guard/validation/restriction/constraint* ------ ### STEP 4 - **Solidity Modifier** TDD Typescript Hardhat ------ * Solidity Modifiers * Always check isolated code * When there is an error or problem, isolate the problem * contracts/FunctionModifier.sol ```tsx // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity 0.8.9; contract FunctionModifier { bool public paused; uint public count; function setPaused(bool _paused) external { paused = _paused; } modifier whenNotPaused(){ require(!paused, "Paused"); _; } function inc() external whenNotPaused { count += 1; } function dec() external whenNotPaused { count -= 1; } modifier cap(uint _x){ require(_x < 100, "x >= 100"); // execute some code Before the main thread _; // execute back the main thread // execute some code After the main thread ( sandwich ) } function incBy(uint _x) external whenNotPaused cap(_x) { count += _x; } } ``` * test/FunctionModifier.ts ```tsx import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers"; import { PANIC_CODES } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers/panic"; import { expect } from "chai"; import { ethers } from "hardhat"; describe(`FunctionModifier`, () => { async function deployFixture() { // Contracts are deployed using the first signer/account by default const [owner, otherAccount] = await ethers.getSigners(); const FunctionModifier = await ethers.getContractFactory("FunctionModifier"); const functionModifier = await FunctionModifier.deploy(); return { functionModifier, owner, otherAccount }; } describe(`Deployment FunctionModifier`, () => { it(`Should increment`, async () => { const { functionModifier } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 1 of the contract counter expect( await functionModifier.count() ).to.be.equal(0); expect( await functionModifier.inc() ).to.be.not.reverted; // look where the await is ;) expect( await functionModifier.count() ).to.be.equal(1); }); it(`Should decrement`, async () => { const { functionModifier } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 1 of the contract counter expect( await functionModifier.count() ).to.be.equal(0); expect( await functionModifier.inc() ).to.be.not.reverted; // look where the await is ;) expect( await functionModifier.count() ).to.be.equal(1); expect( await functionModifier.dec() ).to.be.not.reverted; // look where the await is ;) expect( await functionModifier.count() ).to.be.equal(0); }); it(`Should Revert "Paused" - modifier `, async () => { const { functionModifier } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 3 of the contract counter await functionModifier.setPaused(true); await expect( functionModifier.dec() ).to.be .revertedWith( "Paused" ); // look where the await is ;) }); it(`Should Revert "x >= 100" - modifier `, async () => { const { functionModifier } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 3 of the contract counter await expect( functionModifier.incBy(200) ).to.be .revertedWith( "x >= 100" ); // look where the await is ;) }); }); }); ``` * \[ok\] Result - TDD **modifier** catch rejection revert assert ``` npx hardhat test test/FunctionModifier.ts FunctionModifier Deployment FunctionModifier ✔ Should increment (1515ms) ✔ Should decrement (164ms) ✔ Should Revert "Paused" - modifier (97ms) ✔ Should Revert "x >= 100" - modifier (48ms) 4 passing (2s) ``` ------ ### STEP 5 - **Solidity constructor()** TDD Typescript Hardhat ------ * Solidity constructor() methods in contracts * Let see some console.log() in solidity **Thanks Hardhat Team** * * inspect contract with console.log ethereum * * * data and variables in the contract block ( now I want to see them ;) ``` Block and Transaction Properties blockhash(uint blockNumber) returns (bytes32): hash of the given block when blocknumber is one of the 256 most recent blocks; otherwise returns zero block.basefee (uint): current block’s base fee (EIP-3198 and EIP-1559) block.chainid (uint): current chain id block.coinbase (address payable): current block miner’s address block.difficulty (uint): current block difficulty block.gaslimit (uint): current block gaslimit block.number (uint): current block number block.timestamp (uint): current block timestamp as seconds since unix epoch gasleft() returns (uint256): remaining gas msg.data (bytes calldata): complete calldata msg.sender (address): sender of the message (current call) msg.sig (bytes4): first four bytes of the calldata (i.e. function identifier) msg.value (uint): number of wei sent with the message tx.gasprice (uint): gas price of the transaction tx.origin (address): sender of the transaction (full call chain) ``` * \[error\] ok I forget to add a parameter value to call the constructor( _ ) ``` npx hardhat test test/Constructor An unexpected error occurred: test/Constructor.ts:12:43 - error TS2554: Expected 1-2 arguments, but got 0. 12 const constructor = await Constructor.deploy(); ~~~~~~~~ typechain-types/factories/Constructor__factory.ts:77:5 77 _x: PromiseOrValue, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ An argument for '_x' was not provided. ``` * \[ok\] first test Constructor solidity contract, hardhat tdd typescript console log * contracts/Constructor.sol ```tsx // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity 0.8.9; // Import this file to use console.log import "hardhat/console.sol"; contract Constructor { // this name Constuctor can be contract Banana but methods **constructor()** is reserved for any contractName as **constructor** address public owner; uint public x; constructor(uint _x){ owner = msg.sender; x = _x; console.log("msg.sender: %s", msg.sender); //console.log("msg.value: %o", msg.value); // only on payable constructor //console.log("msg.sig: %o", msg.sig); //console.log("msg.data: %o", msg.data); } } ``` * test/Constructor.ts ```tsx import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers"; import { expect } from "chai"; import { ethers } from "hardhat"; const TEST_UINT_OK = 123; describe(`Constructor`, () => { async function deployFixture() { // Contracts are deployed using the first signer/account by default const [owner, otherAccount] = await ethers.getSigners(); const Constructor = await ethers.getContractFactory("Constructor"); const constructor = await Constructor.deploy(TEST_UINT_OK); return { constructor, owner, otherAccount }; } describe(`Deployment Constructor`, () => { it(`Should call Constructor, and show some debug info as tutorial weekly59`, async () => { const { constructor } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give one **Constructor** instance. expect( await constructor.x() ).to.be.equal(TEST_UINT_OK); }); }); }); ``` * \[ok\] Result, First call test Constructor console log msg sender ``` npx hardhat test test/Constructor Constructor Deployment Constructor msg.sender: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266 ✔ Should call Constructor, and show some debug info as tutorial weekly59 (1650ms) 1 passing (2s) ``` * contracts/Constructor.sol more log tx block msg ```tsx // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity 0.8.9; // Import this file to use console.log import "hardhat/console.sol"; contract Constructor { // this name Constuctor can be contract Banana but methods **constructor()** is reserved for any contractName as **constructor** address public owner; uint public x; constructor(uint _x){ owner = msg.sender; x = _x; console.log("msg.sender: %s", msg.sender); console.log("tx.origin: %s", tx.origin); console.log("tx.gasprice: %s", tx.gasprice); console.log("block.timestamp: %s", block.timestamp); console.log("block.number: %s", block.number); console.log("block.chainid: %s", block.chainid); } } ``` * \[ok\] Result more Constructor.sol more log tx block msg ``` npx hardhat test test/Constructor Compiled 1 Solidity file successfully Constructor Deployment Constructor msg.sender: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266 tx.origin: 0xf39fd6e51aad88f6f4ce6ab8827279cfffb92266 tx.gasprice: 1875000000 block.timestamp: 1658154619 block.number: 1 block.chainid: 31337 ✔ Should call Constructor, and show some debug info as tutorial weekly59 (1839ms) 1 passing (2s) ``` ------ ### STEP 5 - **Solidity state global error** TDD Typescript Hardhat ------ * contracts/Ownable.sol ```tsx // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity 0.8.9; error OWNABLE__NOT_OWNER(); error OWNABLE__INVALID_ADDRESS(); contract Ownable { address public owner; constructor(){ owner = msg.sender; } modifier onlyOwner() { if ( msg.sender != owner ) { revert OWNABLE__NOT_OWNER(); } _; // continue execution of main thread } function setOwner(address _newOwner) external onlyOwner { if( _newOwner == owner ){ //address(0) ){ revert OWNABLE__INVALID_ADDRESS(); } owner = _newOwner; } function onlyOwnerCanCallThisFunction() external onlyOwner { } function anyOneCanCallThisFunction() external { } } ``` * test/Ownable.ts ```tsx import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers"; import { expect, assert } from "chai"; import { ethers } from "hardhat"; describe(`Ownable`, () => { async function deployFixture() { // Contracts are deployed using the first signer/account by default const [owner, otherAccount] = await ethers.getSigners(); const Ownable = await ethers.getContractFactory("Ownable"); const ownable = await Ownable.deploy(); return { ownable, owner, otherAccount }; } describe(`Deployment Ownable`, () => { it(`Should owner call ok`, async () => { const { ownable } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 1 of the contract counter expect( await ownable.onlyOwnerCanCallThisFunction() ).ok; }); it(`Should not owner call rejected`, async () => { const { ownable, otherAccount } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 1 of the contract counter expect( await ownable.setOwner(otherAccount.address) ).to.be.ok; try{ await ownable.onlyOwnerCanCallThisFunction(); assert.fail(); }catch(err){ assert.isOk; } }); it(`Should not owner call ok`, async () => { const { ownable, otherAccount } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 1 of the contract counter expect( await ownable.setOwner(otherAccount.address) ).to.be.ok; await expect( ownable.anyOneCanCallThisFunction() ).to.be.ok; }); it(`Should reject same owner not change ownership rejected`, async () => { const { ownable, owner ,otherAccount } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); // Give an instance 1 of the contract counter try{ await ownable.setOwner(owner.getAddress()); assert.fail(); }catch(err){ assert.isOk; } }); }); }); ``` * \[ok\] Result Ownable ``` npx hardhat test test/Ownable Ownable Deployment Ownable ✔ Should owner call ok (1536ms) ✔ Should not owner call rejected (128ms) ✔ Should not owner call ok (48ms) ✔ Should reject same owner not change ownership rejected (80ms) 4 passing (2s) ``` ------ * Struct - Object - Array - no execution code ```tsx // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity 0.8.9; contract Structs { struct Car { string model; uint year; address owner; } Car public car; Car[] public cars; mapping( address => Car[] ) public carsByOwner; function examples() external { Car memory toyota = Car("Toyota", 2020, msg.sender); // memory execution of the funcion Car memory lambo = Car({ model: "Lamborghini", year: 2020, owner: msg.sender}); // memory - ReadOnly data // storage - Write data in storage/blockchain state cars.push(toyota); cars.push(lambo); carsByOwner[msg.sender] = cars; } function exampleCallable(uint[] calldata y) external pure { // calldata by reference, memory by value _internal(y); } function _internal(uint[] memory _y) private pure { uint x = _y[0]; x; } } ``` ------ ## *web 3, Solidity, **Events Emit** TDD emit Soliditi event, and Receive in Typescript the Event* ------ ### STEP 6 - **Solidity event emit** TDD Typescript Hardhat ------ * Events * contracts/Events.sol ```tsx // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity 0.8.9; contract Events { event Log(string message, uint val); function example() external { // is a transactional function, not readonly or view because of the emit data emit Log("Thing the best of Others", 123456); } } ``` * test/Events.ts ```tsx import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers"; import { expect, assert } from "chai"; import { ethers } from "hardhat"; describe(`Events`, () => { async function deployFixture() { const [owner, otherAccount] = await ethers.getSigners(); const Events = await ethers.getContractFactory("Events"); const events = await Events.deploy(); return { events, owner, otherAccount }; } describe(`Deployment Events`, () => { it(`Should check Event emit Log`, async () => { const { events } = await loadFixture(deployFixture); await expect( events.example() ).to.be.emit(events, "Log"); // Goooood ;) assert.isOk; }); }); }); ``` * \[ok\] Result ``` npx hardhat test test/Events Events Deployment Events ✔ Should (1428ms) 1 passing (1s) ``` ------ * constract/Inheritance.sol ```tsx // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity 0.8.9; contract Dad { function speak() public pure virtual returns (string memory){ return "Sempre Avanti!"; } } contract Son is Dad { function speak() public pure virtual override returns (string memory){ return "Always Moving Forward!"; } } contract Nipote is Son { function speak() public pure override returns (string memory){ return "Siempre Hacia Adelante!"; } } ``` ------ * \[ \] Function Selector * * \[ \] DutchAuction ( nft - solidity by example - timer discount sell ) * * EnglishAuction * ------ { name: "Maximiliano Usich", email: "[maximilianou@gmail.com](mailto:maximilianou@gmail.com)", role: \["Husband", "Dad", "Software Developer", "Mentor", "Full Stack nodejs Javascript Typescript"\], github: , wallet: , eth: , eth-https: , codersrank: , aCryptoCoffe: , aCoffe: , mirror: , twitter: , indeed: , linkedin: }

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simpledoers

Onboarding TDD Solidity Typescript Hardhat Nextjs - Environment